En el Perú hay evidencia clínica del virus de Influenza A (VIA) y presencia de anticuerpos contra el VIA en cerdos, pero no existen reportes oficiales de frecuencia en granjas porcinas del país. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia de anticuerpos contra el VIA en granjas tecnificadas de Lima, Ica y Arequipa con antecedentes de problemas respiratorios. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de ocho grupos etarios de cerdos durante 2020-2021. La detección de anticuerpos contra el VIA se hizo mediante una prueba de ELISA de bloqueo (IDEXX, USA). Se procesaron 283 muestras de suero de Lima, 287 de Ica y 288 de Arequipa. La frecuencia global de anticuerpos contra el VIA fue de 24.9% (I.C. 95% 22.0 – 27.8); mientras que en Lima, Ica y Arequipa fue de 33.2% (I.C. 95% 27.8 – 39.0), 19.5% (I.C. 95% 15.1 – 24.6) y 22.2% (I.C. 95% 17.6 – 27.5), respectivamente. El análisis de regresión logística mostró que en la región Lima, el grupo etario 0 (hasta 21 días) y 5 (91 a 110 días) tuvo mayor oportunidad de presentar anticuerpos contra el VIA, aunque la edad no se consideró como un factor de riesgo (OR<1).
Palabras clave: virus de Influenza A, ELISA de bloqueo, frecuencia, porcino
In Peru there is clinical evidence of the Influenza A virus (VIA) and the presence of antibodies against the VIA in pigs, but there are no official reports of frequency in pig farms in the country. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of antibodies against VIA in technical farms in Lima, Ica and Arequipa with a history of respiratory problems. Blood samples were obtained from eight age groups of pigs during 2020-2021. Antibodies against VIA were detected using a blocking ELISA test (IDEXX, USA). A total of 283 serum samples from Lima, 287 from Ica and 288 from Arequipa were processed. The overall frequency of antibodies against VIA was 24.9% (95% CI 22.0 – 27.8); while in Lima, Ica and Arequipa it was 33.2% (95% CI 27.8 - 39.0), 19.5% (95% CI 15.1 - 24.6) and 22.2% (95% CI 17.6 - 27.5), respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that in the Lima region, the age group 0 (up to 21 days) and 5 (91 to 110 days) had a greater chance of presenting antibodies against VIA, although age was not considered a risk factor (OR<1).
Key words: Influenza A virus, blocking ELISA, frequency, swine
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