|
VARIOUS MYCOTOXINS
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS
(BORRELL 1989)
|
| Aflatoxin* |
Hepatic size
enlargement
Increase in proto-combining time
Pro-ventricle size enlargement
Laying reduction
Embryo development delay
Sericeous protein reduction |
Increase in
coagulation time
Corporal size reduction
Gizzard size enlargement
Testicle atrophia
Embryo malformations
Antibody absorption reduction |
| |
|
|
| Ochratoxin A* |
Kidney weight increase
Increased Urate deposits
biliary conducts multiplication
Immunization defenses reduction |
Corporal Weight loss
Sexual maturity delay
Laying reduction |
| |
|
|
| Rubratoxin B* |
Hepatic hypertrophy
Embryo malformation |
Fabricius bag Atrophia
|
| |
|
|
| Diacetoxycirpernol* |
Lymphatic tissue necropsy
Biliary vesicle necropsy |
Spinal cord necropsy |
| |
|
|
| T-2* |
Mouth necropsy
VII factor and proto-combining reduction |
Hepatic hypertrophy
Subcutaneous edema |
| |
|
|
| Zearalenone* |
Liver weight increase
Kidney weight increase
Testicle intestinal fibrosis
Testicle weight reduction |
Heart weight increase
Estrogenic effect
Crest size reduction |
| |
|
|
| Citrinin* |
Renal size enlargement
Urine production increase |
Increase in water Consumption |
| |
|
|
| Penicilloic* Acid Sterigmata-cystine |
Heart muscle alteration
Hepatic necropsy |
Renal necropsy |
| |
|
|
| Penitrem A and B* |
Neurotoxic |
|
| |
|
|
| Patulin |
Hepatic alteration |
|
| |
|
|
| Note: The combination of
two or more mycotoxins, even at LOW levels can be more toxic than one toxin
at a high level and might NOT show the same symptoms as one mycotoxin.
|
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SWINE CLINICAL MYCOTOXICOSIS
(OSWEILER, 1992)
|
|
Toxin
|
Category
|
Clinical Effect
|
Aflatoxin
|
Development / grow-out
|
* Growth and feed conversion
reduction.
* Liver microscopic lesions, colangio-hepatitis, hepatic serological enzymes
enlargement
* Feed consumption reduction, hardened hair, hypertony.
* Coagulation apathy, depression, anorexia.
* Acute hepatitis, and mortality in 3 to 10 days.
|
| |
|
|
| |
Sow / Reproductive
Stage
|
* No conception
effect, normal slow growing suckling pigs because of aflatoxin in the milk.
|
| |
|
|
Ochratoxin and Citrinin
|
Grow-out
|
* Moderate renal lesions.
reduction in weight gain.
* Polydypsia, reduced growth, glycosuria and polyuria
|
| |
|
|
| |
Sows / Reproductive Stage
|
* Normal when they eat
on the first month
|
| |
|
|
Tricotecen T-2 and DAS
|
Development /Grow-out
|
* Reduced feed consumption,
oral and dermal irritation.
* Full rejection and vomiting.
|
| |
|
|
Deoxynivalenol
|
|
* Reduced feed consumption.
* Full rejection
|
| |
|
|
Zearalenone F-2
|
Reproductive Sows
|
* vulvovaginitis, Prolapse
|
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|
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Cycling sows
|
* Persistency of anestra
lutea body.
* Pseudopregnancy
|
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|
|
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Pregnant sows
|
* Early embryo mortality
when feeding
* 1-3 weeks post-service.
|
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|
|
Fumonisin
|
Swine
|
* Acute lung edema, hepatitis,
lymphoblasts genesis paralysis, reduced feed consumption
|
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VARIOUS MYCOTOXINS
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS
(SHULLY CHEEKE, 1983)
|
|
SYSTEM
|
MYCOTOXINS
|
* Metabolic System:
|
|
- Carbohydrates
metabolism
|
Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin
A, Phomopsin A |
- Lipids metabolism
|
Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin
A, T-2, Citrinin, Rubratoxin B |
- Vitamin assimilation
|
Aflatoxin,
dicumarol |
- Protein synthesis
|
Aflatoxin, Trichothecenes
|
- Mitochondrial
respiration
|
Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin
A, Rubratoxin B, Patulin |
* Endocrine
system
|
Aflatoxin,
Zearalenone, Ergot, Alkaloids |
* Skeletal system
|
Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A
|
| |
|
| Note: The combination of
two or more mycotoxins, even at LOW levels can be more toxic than one toxin
at a high level and might NOT show the same symptoms as one mycotoxin.
|
| |
|
Technical Articles
