Pig Industry - Carbunclo in pigs - Health


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20/02/2006

Engormix.com
Argentina

Carbunclo in pigs

I Have a hatchery of pigs, in which have had a case of carbunclo, according to the analyses carried out by the veterinarian. I have disinfected burnt the places where there were spills of blood, buried with lime the pig. Vaccinate the facility, with a vaccine that he/she comes suitable for bovine (I consulted to the laboratory and they told me that it applied it).
Looking for information found much for other animal ones but it doesn't stop pigs.
I enter in this forum so that if some colleague has had an experience of this type and let us want to communicate it from already you the agradesco.

20/02/2006

Capaó_Real_Jara
Spain

Diagnoses.

Autopsy

When carbunco suspicions like the cause of death exist, the cadaver should not be opened. If inadvertently an infected cadaver, the autopsy of the ruminant ones opened up it could show signs of (1) quick decomposition (2) absence of cadaverous rigidity (3) dark similar to pitch bleeds that doesn't clot (4) widespread septicemia and (5) enlarged spleen and hemorrágico with pulp of dark red color. Nasal, buccal or anal sanguine secretions are not always presented, so that the absence of these symptoms should not be used as factor to discard the carbunco presence.

In the horses, the lesions are generally confined to the infiltration edematosa of the fabrics in the area of the neck. In the pigs, often extensive edemas are observed in the surrounding area to the lymphatic ganglion.

As much the veterinary doctors as the personnel should take cautions to avoid that the skin enters potentially in contact with cadavers and floor polluted. Teams of personal protection should be used (PPE) just as gloves, boots and waterproof garments.

If it was possible, the use of PPE descartables is recommended otherwise, it is suggested to disinfect the PPE carefully immediately after its use. Although the risk of breathing infection is extremely low, it is convenient that the veterinary doctors and the personnel that it drives autopsies, reparation of floors and waste of animal cadavers consider the use of masks with filters of air particulado of high effectiveness (HEPA).

Prevention

Service of Inspection and Agricultural Sanity (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, APHIS) of the Department of Agriculture of the United States. (U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA) it restricts the import of animal products coming from slaughterhouse animals, among them leathers, skins, wool, hair and sows, of countries where carbunco infections take place.

To protect the domestic livestock against the carbunco infection, it is required that these
products have the certification of the service of veterinary inspection of the country exporter.

Vaccination

In the areas with endemic presence of carbunco, the annual vaccination of the livestock is recommended. The vaccine more used for the carbunco prevention in animals it is the vaccine Sterne.

This vaccine is not an alive stump encapsulated of the B. Anthracis, developed by Sterne in 1937. The immunity is developed from 7 to 10 days after the vaccination.

The vaccine Sterne against the carbunco taken place in United States is only authorized for its use in livestock (heads, sheep, horses, goats and pigs).

Treatment

B. anthracis is very susceptible to several agents antimicrobiales. According to the received reports, the penicillin and the oxitetraciclina they are the most effective therapeutic agents.

Since the vaccine of alive spores should germinate and to grow in the animal organism to provide protection, it should not be administered antibiotics to healthy animals, well be in the moment neither soon after of the administration of the vaccine against the carbunco.

If one suspects or it confirms the carbunco presence, it is recommended to administer antibiotics of long spectrum like those mentioned precedently, followed by the vaccination between 7 and 10 days later, as effective method to prevent the additional mortality of the livestock. It is necessary to highlight that this régime has not been evaluated systematically.

Control measures

All the carbunco buds should be notified to the authorities of public sanity or state or federal animal. In general, they will be moved away all the remaining animals of the affected shepherding lands immediately. Also, a limited quarantine will be imposed from 10 to 14 days in the affected properties and to vaccinate the whole susceptible healthy livestock of the affected lands and surrounding. To reduce the environmental contamination, the cadavers of dead animals as consequence of the carbunco should be burnt or buried in holes of 2 m (6 feet) of depth like minimum.

Likewise, they should be burned or to bury all the materials, floor and other polluted elements with biological liquids, for if it serves you as help, and it disinfects everything very well because the bacteria resists in the environment during many years.

Luck and greetings.

22/02/2006

anjomelbe
Bolivia

My name is: ANTONIO JOSÉ MELGAR BECERRA, I am Medical Veterinary Zootecnista, Graduate in Formulation, Elaboration and Evaluation of Agricultural Projects.

Personally I have had many cases of this type. I am very of agreement with the recommendations provided by Mr. Real Capaó Jara. It is very risky wanting to make some analysis type to obtained materials of dead animals for this affection, without having the cautions that the case amerita, because generally the illness, in the HUMAN, produces the DEATH.

In such a sense, personally I recommend the biggest caution, for not having something that doesn't really have a SURE TREATMENT to complain. The antibiotics of WIDE SPECTRUM can generally be effective, but these neither offer security of a positive answer.

I recommend that when the location of the Farm is in communication with possible buds of this illness, it is necessary to VACCINATE IF or IF, preventing this way the presence of the illness in the CLUSTER, or in the HERD.

Thank you.

Sincerely:

Dr. Antonio José Melñgar Becerra
I PRESCRIBE VETERINARY ZOOTECNISTA
GRADUATE IN FORMUALCION, ELABORATION
And EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS

22/02/2006

Elver Quirita Gonzales
Peru

Dear Carlos, I don't have specific experiences on carbunclo in pigs, I comment you my experience in bovine to see if of something he/she helps you.
To those that present symptoms you apply them oxitetraciclina of long action next to dexametasona also of long action.
If doesn't have in the market these two products of long action, he/she prepares a mixture of oxitetraciclina more dexametasona and poténcialas with 2 pirrolidona for potenciar to the antibiotic and the antiinflamatorio, and to make it of lingering action. Apply him every 3 days only two dose, I hope with one it is enough.
I mate Carlos, he/she attempts this treatment, I am for sure he/she will give you results, total the pharmacological principle is only.
And to those that don't present symptoms, isolate them and vaccinate them with a vaccine that contains the 5 clostridium stumps.
I wait it serves you as help. A hug, you take care.

23/02/2006

ANGEL WILFREDO HUALPA BENDEZU
Peru

Carlos, in the Peru doesn't have a lot of experience in carbunclo in pigs, yes in bovine. Good, my comment to the topic is that the farmer that is not managed with the appropriate sanitary measures, the same ones that at the present time are of prevention, that is to say if you don't vaccinate your animals on time, you are always exposed to the sanitary problems. I was reading some excellent recommendations before of which should be practiced in all cattle exploitation. You eat breeder, he/she should keep in mind that when a sudden death of an animal is presented, it is never good to manipulate without a professional of the area of its verdict. I find opportune to comment my experience. In the city of Cañete County of the Capital of the Peru, in the year 1997 still studied the sixth cycle of Médicina Veterianria and Zootecnia. A very early morning they request my services because a swinish one had died suddenly. I constituted myself in the place, and when I arrive, the proprietor (father) he/she was already selling the meat of the pig that he/she died.
I took the cautions of the case because I observed that the blood didn't coagulate, and dark color era. I requested the viscera that most of them was using to fry for the breakfast, I not took some samples very good by the way due to the field conditions, I put them in bags of plastic: a liver piece, spleen, blood. Only for caution I sent them to the laboratory of an institute in which already had a great friend veterinary doctor, we carry out the diagnosis and the result was carbunclo. While we notified to the authorities so that they take charge of the case, they were contaminated more than forty people of the place, and they were hospitalized more than seventy people in less than 36 hours, with the consequences of the case. I comment it so that you of bill of the dangerous thing that it can be not wanting to lose an animal that dies suddenly. To culminate, the animals of the place were vaccinated, so much bovine, swinish, ovinos, caprinos, with vaccine of stump sterne, the animals were eliminated that presented the symptoms. If he/she wants to carry out some type of therapy medicamentosa, before applying the doses, take the temperature, write down it, observe the clinical symptoms, write down them, he/she observes the changes that he/she has their animalito, write down them, and dose the quantity of the fármaco correctly. With regard to the weight of the animal, I observed the following minutes, thing that gives time to their Doctor so that it ends up attending it. I wait it serves in something, I wish him a lot of luck.

Dr. ANGEL HUALPA BENDEZU
I PRESCRIBE VETERINARY ZOOTECNISTA
ESPECILISTA IN UPBRINGINGS DGPA
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE OF THE PERU

23/02/2006

Jorge Eduardo Franco Paez
Colombia

Dear Carlos: is it well that you take the measures to avoid that new cases are presented, but how was the animal infected? With what are you feeding? Did you already evaluate the possible causes of contamination? Because somewhere around it is where you owe iniciair the correction of the problem.
Cordially.

Jorge Eduardo Franco Paez
ZOOTECNISTA ESP G.E.A.
Florence Caqueta, Colombia

23/02/2006

Arturo Almada
Argentina

am I Arturo Almada, Veterinary Doctor of the Technical Service of Merial Argentina. Although I have not had experiences in pigs, if I have seen and diagnosed cases in Bovine. With regard to the preventive measures, I agree with the cólegas of not making autopsy, the reality is that in many cases one finishes making it same, since not always the case appears with sintomatología and the typical square. Therefore, it is advisable to take the biggest cautions when we open an animal, although we don't suspect of carbunclo, because it is possible that we are in any moment.

From the point of view of protection of the animals, it is advisable to vaccinate every 6 months in those establishments that had some case, or that the case even had it some neighbor. In Argentina there is bovine with Stump Sterne and Chaco. I always recommend to use Sterne when a case appears, since the development of immunity is quicker that with the stump Chaco.

I hope some of these comments are he of utility.

Attn.
Dr. Arturo Almada
Technical services
Merial Argentina CORP.

23/02/2006

amido lion cross
Colombia

Dear porcicultor wanted to know that population of females has and if you/he/she has been come presenting this followed case or you/he/she is the first I marry since if you/he/she is the first one I would not recommend him to vaccinate if not to carry to an extreme the bioseguridad measures in the farm like already him this making you.

Advisory Porcicola.
Colombia.

24/02/2006

Jesus Herrera Corral
Mexico

My name is Jesus Herrera and I reside in Durango Mexico. My comment in this respect it is that if the carried out diagnosis the it emitted the laboratory, the recommendations that the users of this space have emitted are very guessed right.
However, commenting the experience that I have had in pigs (in my farm), in which a very similar sintomatología has been presented to a carbunclo, and that in the laboratory it has been diagnosed as complicated pasterelosis with clostridiasis, where sudden death is presented, bled by nasal graves, the cadaver you replete of gases, subcutaneous crackling. When there is this diferenciación between clostridiasis and carbunclo, I have been applying a product that contains five clostridios (it doesn't include B, antraxis) and two pasterelas to dose of 3 milliliters for animal, still when he/she doesn't come suitable for pigs. The result has been very good.

24/02/2006

hector lees rivera
Chile

Friend Carlos: according to my experience in this that is little, preventive vaccination only recommends you antibiotic of wide spectrum and it releases duration, it can be oxitetraciclina or baytril, with a treatment of infected animals of twice a day, more a vaccine that contains the 5 stumps of the bug this for annual vaccination and to clean your facility. Don't try to EXAMINE A DEAD AMINAL WITHOUT THE MEASURES OF CAUTION, for your own security.
Any doubt that can serve you, write me.

24/02/2006

miguel angel garduño
Mexico

I Believe that all the comments go for the one on the way to the truth. However they keep to my short view the risk of public health. In 2001, I assisted a bull with possible carbunclo, and to the six days I went to give to the hospital where I remained 32 days in therapy, it was not isolated me any stump. Me not you if it was coincidence, but I recommend them to manage these cases with all the necessary caution. They diagnosed me a bronquiolitis obliterante. Don't TRUST THEIR LUCK, THAT LEARNED IT MUCH LATER OF WHAT I SPEND.

25/02/2006

Thin Alfredo
Peru

The possibilities that swinish they make sick with carbunco for Bacillus anthracis, they are minimum, for the type of upbringing that is generally in cement floor. On the other hand, the manifestation clinical more importnate apart from the fever, is that it affects to the pharynx and cause breathing problems, and if the edema is extensive, it causes the death for asphyxia, quite similar situation to what happens in human. Anthrax is an infectious and not very contagious illness, so that the retirement of the cadaver and later funeral is being enough. The vaccine stump Sterne is a reasonable alternative, this is to leave it very clear because generally when it happens a case of anthrax, it goes a long way the panic and he/she doesn't have to be it. An animal to be able to generate the immunity requires of at least two million spores, therefore this indicates that a spore is not able to cause the illness, and the swinish one would have to be had opposing with several hundred of thousands of bacterias to make sick. That is the reason for that you/they make sick very few animals inside a cluster, call you bovine or another species. Even the swinish one inside the scale of susceptibility is smaller to the ruminant one, it is similar to the man. That of the buds of as the one that comments you in Cañete, it is product (partly of the exaggeration), it was never demonstrated in the 60 or more individuals that it was carbunco. For that reason in this of giving recommendations is to be measured: that there are problems of Public Health it is undeniable, but of there to create panic inncesario it is another thing. We have clear that happened in it USES where you creó terror, and the human cases were minimum and the even smaller death in spite of having been used a direct mechanism maliciously so that the man took it. Who insanely devised this, it achieved the objective, that is to say to create the chaos. Greetings.

25/02/2006

jesus patron rivero
Mexico

dear friend Looks, first you have to be very sure that if it is carbunco B. antracis, LIKE I ENTER to your farm, since the most important thing at the moment is the bioseguridad and the preventive treatment.
A VERY IMPORTANT RECOMMENDATION: NEVER USE IN THE FORMULATION OF THE FOOD PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN, NEVER, IT BREAKS UP WITH ALL THE SANITARY NORMS MAKING THIS BAD ONE HE/SHE PRACTICES.
Unfortunately companies exist, at least here in my country Mexico that you/they have like base of the protein of their formulas flours of animal origin, and unfortunately the government doesn't legislate on this, and like you will know it is a means of diffusion of all type of problems in the farms that use this commercial mark.
Already considered the feeding point, and having the security of having the problems, it is not advisable the medication of the healthy cluster.
You will make a routine sampling to establish the moment of appropriate to immunize, and you will send serums of different ages. It is very important to know in what age it is presenting and in what place, if it is that you manage multisitios or the handling is contínuo.
Knowing the susceptibility according to the serología, they will be able to you and your doctor to make the decision of applying vaccine. What possibility do they have in your region of elaborating you a vaccine with the stump characteristic of farm? Since in fact it is not a vaccine, but a bacterina, and it would be for much more specific for your problem.
If I can help you, with a lot of pleasure and luck.

25/02/2006

edgardo casasola bonifaz
Peru

Hello friend CARLOS. With regard to the casuistry that you mention that they happened in your upbringing of pigs, I agree with the proposal of my colleagues, but what should leave very clear in this species of animal-suinos, the chronic form is presented in great majority and in smaller the sharp type with the characteristics before described. Likewise the infection road is for the ingestion of grasses, polluted waters with spores of BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. The measures once diagnosed the illness, to bury, incineration of the dead animals, to disinfect the whole installation with hipoclorito of sodium and compound iodóforos, to establish the measures of very rigorous bioseguridad. To the sick persons, to use products benzatínicas penicillins, to separate them and to the other animals to vaccinate biannually with the bacterina of the stump sterne annual y/o, this depending on areas enzoóticas and hiperenzoóticas.
Likewise the recommendations of public health as for the personnel that works in the farms, stable, etc. taking all the appropriate measures to avoid infection.

MVZ. EDGARDO CASASOLA

27/02/2006

Jenny Grove Paniagua
Costa Rica

Here in Costa Rica cases are given but of Clostridium, sudden death, and the animal you full with gas, also enlarges the spleen.
Some producers vaccinate the breeding females. However, in the concentrate Bacitracina of Zinc is applied, when buds exist, and it controls quite well, 400 grs/tn.
We have observed that when in the farms there are earth movements, the problem appears with more frequency.
Thank you.

Jenny Grove P.
Costa Rica

27/02/2006

GEOVANNY RED XAVIER GROUPER
Ecuador

If the case of carbunco repeats, the most probable thing is that there is some case for the sector. Try to make a census, and reach an agreement with their neighbors for a vaccination program and disinfection of the area.

27/02/2006

JORGE SHEPHERD MIRANDA
Peru

The application of the alive vaccine, esporulada and avirulenta (stump Sterne) it produces appropriate levels of immunity to protect the susceptible animals.

When it happens a bud, the application of this vaccine it allows to stop the death toll, but this protection happens among the 8-10 later days to its application, so that during this lapse deaths can still take place.

If the conditions of infection of the field are important, it will be necessary to revaccinate the entirety from the animals to the 60 days of the first vaccination.

27/02/2006

Rodolfo Olivera Calderon
Peru

Personally I think that it is necessary to carry out clinical diagnosis and of laboratory if it is presented in another opportunity, to identify the agent etiológico and power to recommend forms of prevention, control and treatment, this with all the conditions of security, because we can be in front of a square different to which we suppose.

28/02/2006

federico perezcasio
Mexico

How interesting the case is, but it is important to comment that it is strange that in swinish you ends up presenting a case isolated in an exploitation of these characteristics. I believe that it is very important to verify the etiología, it is quite dangerous, even with the control measures and prevention that can take. It would be important to take pictures of the place and of the animals that present the bud, since is accusation forced in any country of Latin America. Caray, I believe that it was very venturous the diagnosis based on the signología and lesions macroscópicas. It would be good to contact another veterinarian with more experience in this type of illnesses. In my personal experience, he/she has taken me to diagnose 2 cases that were erroneously denounced: one of classic swinish fever and another of erisipela, these for very young doctors and with little experience in the swinish species. Anyway, it would be important to take into account the hit upon comments of the colleagues that precede to this comment, and if it was possible the shipment of pictures of the case. Luck... and patience.

28/02/2006

RAMIRO MARTINEZ
Colombia

Appreciated colleague: but in general I can tell you the following thing: of being ended up being positive the case of carbunco in your farm, you should carry to an extreme the bioseguridad measures, that of the application of the vaccine, before beginning it and depending the size of the farm, a pursuit serólogico would be of a lot of help to plan a vaccination to future. Although it is certain that the case in pigs is little reported and it bears to mistaken clinical diagnoses, for I suggest you to it the diagnosis for laboratory. The treatments more recommended in these cases they are the use of oxitraciclinas prefieriblemente (200mg/ml) to a dose of 1 ml for each 20 kilograms of weight live (if utilzas that of 200mg), in the bovine ones that it is with more frequency these cases they are presented, and especially in the area where I reside. The best results have offered them to us the use of penicillin sodium g, penicillin g potásica more estreptomicina with an antiinflamatorio like the dexametasona via deep intramuscular, but the presumptive diagnosis should be quick and he/she leaves you as only option the use of the anticobioterapia so soon you suspect that el(los) sick animals manifest compatible sintomatología with carbunco.
If you are sure or carbunco suspicions, the best thing is not to open the cadavers, because they facilitate the dissemination of the spores. These in general show hemorrhage for via nasal, rectal, there is not sanguine clotting in spite of carrying out the autopsy until 4 and 5 hours post mortem, presence of areas enfisematosas, especially in the legs, arms and forearms.
When beginning necrospsia, so soon you are able to impact and to open the pectoral region and perineal, they are areas necrosadas (macroscópicas) and enfisematosas (in bovine by way of autopsy is an indication of the presence of the illness, as well as the subcutaneous emphysema in legs, arms and forearms), and until there it is advisable to continue.
Now, if it is necessary, to carry to an extreme the protection measures so much in the employees that manipulate the animals, as well as the technicians.
He/she looks, insisting with that of the serología and antibodies the variety, it is necessary to identify the stump or clostridium type that it is affecting your farm, since there is bovine that don't cover against the different stumps and type of causing bacterias of the carbunco (c perflinges, c chavoie, etc).
I hope my participation helps you to solve your problem.

28/02/2006

Thin Alfredo
Peru

did it Seem that the situation is as the one lived in it USES with the famous envelopes containing anthrax, is decirn there is tendency toward the panic and even more to the CONFUSION, since the initial message doesn't mention test of used laboratory neither isolated germ. It was even this way Clostridium or Bacillus anthracis, the situation epidemmiológica is the same one. We would be in front of:
1. - germ that is sensitive to antibiotics, but that at the same time, when we detect clinical signs, the recovery possibilities are few, especially in Clostridium.
2. - both germs are infectious and not very contagious, for what is wise the vaccination and the monitoreo of the upbringing to apply antibiotics to the suspects, and to revaccinate to be susceptible alive gemen to antibiotics in the case of B. anthracis, and because it is a bacterina in the event of Clostridium.
3. - the serología doesn't help in these cases, it only indicates exhibition, and this one can give in such levels that it induces to immune answer and not to illness.
4. - the autopsy is necessary to be a topic of having to establish the differential diagnosis. A swinish upbringing of cement floor to say the less ones, is not very probable that he/she can have discharges offers of spores, unless it has entered in some input, not very probable thing, at least in the upbringing of medium technology it stops up and in my country.
Would it be good to have the test applied diagnóstica, and the colleague's comment that he/she carried out it or did he/she interpret it, this the problem that is generated is when incomplete data are sent, what doesn't mean that they don't make it, they have seen? It has created polemic, what is healthy, since of different countries they are saying. Luck.

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